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Visual-space ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perceive the location, orientation, distance, and spatial relationships of objects, and to perform analysis and manipulation based on that perception. This ability is widely utilized in daily activities such as wayfinding, arranging objects, driving, interpreting charts and diagrams, and performing manual tasks. A decline in Visual-space ability can lead to difficulties for older adults in orienting themselves, locating items, and executing complex tasks.

Consequently, the Visual-space assessment within the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) does not merely evaluate drawing skills; more importantly, it assesses the brain’s integrated performance in areas such as spatial perception, information integration, planning and organization, and executive control. A decline in Visual-space and executive functions is often a key early indicator of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and certain neurodegenerative diseases.